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OCT imaging is analogous to ultrasound imaging except that it uses light instead of sound. OCT performs cross-section imaging by measuring the time delay and intensity of back-reflected light from the retina.
OCT images are acquired like taking a picture except that the OCT measurement beam is infrared allowing rapid acquisition of multiple images with minimal discomfort to the patient. These images allow direct visualization of the the internal retinal structures and can provide quantitative information about the retinal architecture or other intraocular structures.
For these reasons, OCT imaging is rapidly becoming the standard of care in clinical ophthalmology.
